Coke oven



.APROBE RTSp COKE oven. APPLICATION FILEID sums. 1919.

Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

10 SHhETSSHEET 1.

A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.

IAPPLICAITJON FILED same. 1919. 1,41 1,224.

Patented Mar. 28; 1922.

A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATlON FILED SEPT.8 |19I9.

Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

AA ROBERTS.

Pzitented Mar. 28, 1922.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 4- A; 4 L2 Jill/6,2607,"

A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.

APPUCATION FILED swramsm.

L41 1,224. Patented Mar. 28,1922.

"10 $HLETS-SHEET 5- A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION men sums. 1919. 1 Patented Mar.28,1922. W 10 S|itkLSSHEET e.

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A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPTA! i9l0l 1,41 1 ,224. Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

10 SHhETSSHE ET 7 A. ROBERTS. COKEI OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED SE PT.8.1919.

Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN APPLICATION FILED SEPT.8,'I919- Patented Mar. 28, 1922:

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ROBERTS. COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION HLED SEPLB 19H) 1,41 1,224. 4 iPatented Mar. 28, 1922.

10 SHhHS-SHEET I0.

13 15 f JO rrnudmmnm fZZZ/GIZCO 7" flaw @355 STATES ?ATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR F EVANSTON, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MES NE ASSIGNMENTS. TQ CHICAGQ Elit'USll COMPANY, TRUSTEE. 6F ERICA/G), ILLINOIS, A CORPGRATION.

(JOEE ()VIEN.

lyilllfil i.

Application filed September like, of *hich the following is a specification.

The present invention has to do with improvements in coke ovens and retort-s gen: ersliy which are used for the distillation 0t coal and other materials. lVhile the struc tures herein disclosed are particularly well adapted for use in the distillation of coai, and other c: rbonsceous material, for the formotion of coke, still. the said structures may also be used for other purposes to greet a veiling... Therefore, where, in the specification and claims, I use the expression coke oven or like expression, it will be linden stood that I do not limit myself to the invention as for as use for various purgoses concerned, but rather that the sai expressions used. for convenience in clesigr hating the structure itself regardless of the purpose for which iis to be used.

1 "will state as e 115 point, however, that in destructive (listiiletion of coal, and other corboneceons mater als, for the formation of coke, it is necessary to so conduct the tiliation process as to bring about thefornistion of the desired end products. Ordinarily these end products are coke and byproducts. In those cases in which the coke is the end product chiefly desired, the heat action should be such as to so cement the particles of fined carbon and other residuum together to form the coke structure; Whereas in those cases in which the byprooucts are the end products chiefly desired, the heat treatment shoul'cl be so cin'nhictcil as to bring about the formation of :1 monimdlrrlVlclLi of said end products. In some c: see it desired to secure the coke with a maximum yield of lay-products in WlliCllCzls'Q the heat treatment should, if possible, be such as to bring about the formation of'both of these classes of products.

It may be stated in general that, in order to secure the most clesiruble results either in the form of coke or l))-[)l0iill'i5. the oven or retort should he so constructed thut it may be heated throughout its entire surface in a practically uniform manner: and should Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 28, 1922. s, 1919. Serial No. 322,413.

also be so constructed that its temp rature at diife'sent iioints may be readily CO. olled so as to secure such uniformity and so as to form the desired end products. One of the main objects of the present invention is provide a construction of oven such that practically the entire surface thereof can be uniformly heated at all times and at every point under the direct control of the open ator. 1

Another feature of the invention has reference to the recovery of a large percentage or proportion of the \vasteheat from the spent gases; this feature of the invention has reference to the provision of regenerators or the like in combination wii the ":UlOUS retorts or heating "wells of retorts the ben" '51 of ovens in such Way that the open tion of the entire bench'can be, if desired,

indivklnalizecl, eech oven in such case operstingv in conjunction with its own regenerstor or the iike as a unit, notwithstanding the feet that said complete unit constitutes a portion of a larger bench comprising a number of units. In this connection, another feature of the invention has reference to the provision of e construction such that the regenerators or the like for each oven shall be very directly associated therewith. This will shorten up the passages between the hosting walls and regenerators or other heat conserving devices, and will also make possible a very compact-structure.

Another feature in this connection is the provision of an arrangement such that the regenerntors and heating oils for each oven, togeihec with their burners cu l the gas and air controlling devic s. may be fully unitiszed. or brought into such relationship that these devices for each oven will conslilutc 1 complete unit capable of operation independently of the other ovens: neverthe-' -21 uniforni hesting action in each heating well. As the heating gases travel through the passages of the wall, they give up their boat tothe wall and their temperature is correspondingzly lowered. It is, therefore, (lent that if a. uniform heating action is to be secured over the entire area or face of the wall, it will be necessary to make special provision for compensating or making up for this reduction of temperature of the heating gases. One of the features of the present invention has reference to the provision of means for reinforcing the combustion at a successive point or points within the wall to thereby raise the temperature of the gases after they have performed a certain amount of work, so that the heating action will be correspondingly reinforced and the heating eiiiect made more nearly uniform at all points. Inthis connection another object is to make possible the securing of this result in a construction such that the heating gases ill not have to travel an excessive distance in their course through the heating \v'all. Another object in this connection also is to associate the foregoing arrangement with a regenerator structure in such a manner that a practically uniform or continuous heating action may be brought about at all times. Still another object in .this connection is to provide the foregoing arrangement and secure the foregoing result in a structure in which the regenerators are unitizecl with respect to their ovens and the heating walls thereof.

Still another feature of the invention has to do with the provision (if an arrangement such that the operation of the burners at different points within the wall can be very easily and conveniently adjusted or regulated from time to time without interfering with the normal and'regular operation of the oven.

Another feature of the invention has to do with the provision of a construction such that the natural expansion of the ovens lengthwise of the bench can be taken care of without detriment to the structure itself, and with the assurance that the gas and air passages will at all times remain in tight and first-class condition. In this connection it should be remembered that structures of this kind are subject to a wide range of temperatures from the time that the bench is first constructed until it is brou ht into normal and regular operation. urthermorc, the material most frequently used, silica brick or blocks, has a relatively large coefficient of expansion, so that within a bench comprising twenty or forty ovens there will be a large overall expansion. In the ordinary'construction, the ovens are so related to each other that the expansion in the various ovens is cumulative, so that the total ex ansion at one or both ends of the bench is urge and becomes a serious factor to contend with. For example, if the expansion within each oven amounts to one-half inch, then in a bench of forty ovens, the total exansion would amount to twenty inches, and in the ordinary type of construction this total amount of expansion would have to be compensated for in the end ovens. One feature of the present invention has to do with a relative arrangement of the ovens such that the expansion in each oven is provided for locally and such that the original overall dimension of the bench is approximately suflicient to provide for substantially the total amount of expansion without the movement of the walls themselves.

Other objects and uses of the invention are to generally improve and advance the construction and operation of distillation retorts and particularly such retorts as are used in the carbonizing of coal and other carbonaceous materials.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal vertical section through one of the ovens of a bench of coke ovens embodying the features of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows a typical cross section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, looking in thedi rection of the arrows. It may also be considered a section taken on the lines 2-2 of Figs. 6 and 7, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is aview similar to Fig. 2, with the exception that it is taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows. It may also be considered as a section taken on the lines 3--3 of Figs. 6 and 7 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a typical section taken on the line 4.4 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows. It may also be considered as a section taken on the lines 4-4 of Figs. (3 and 7, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 5 is a typical section taken on the line 5-4) of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows. It may also be considered as a section taken. on the lines 5-5 of Figs. 6 and 7, looking the direction of the arrows Fig. 6 is a section taken on the line 6-43 of Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, looking in the direction of the arrows;

F ig. 7 is a section taken on the lines 7--7- of Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 1'2, 13, 14, and 15 are horizontal sections taken on the lines 8-8, 9 9, 10--10,11-1i,12-'-12, 13--13, 14-.14., and 15-15, respectively, of Fig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 16 is a typical longitudinal section of the entire bench of coke ovens embodying the features, of the present invention, showing the manner in' which. provision has been made for permitting the proper amount of relative expansion to ta 0 place between consecutive ovens in order to ensure that the overall expansion shall notbe cumulative in the end ovens;

Fig. 17 is a typical plan view of a bench ment of combustion during the reversals of the operation of the rcgenerators.

In the construction illustrated in the drawings, a number of ovens each embodying the featuresof the present invention are shown related or brought together.

as theyniay be into common structure or benchof ovens vil -ere tlieiroperations are more or less coordinated, although at times it may be deto operate each oven or a number of ovens quite independently of the others. In this construction as illustrated, the entire bench of ovens is mounted or carried on a mat or foundation 20. This mat will ordinarily be of reinforced concrete orany other structure of suitable strength and materials'for the Work intended. Adjacent to the end. portions of this ma are end walls 21 and'ilfi. The distance between the inner surf ces 23 and 2% of these end walls is approriu .i' v uucl angeable, inasmuch as the mat itself operates at practically normal expansion and contraction.

number of ovens are illustrated in Fig. each one provided with aretort or caronizing chamber Although it happens ll: twelve ovens'are illustrated, the mini of ovens may be greater or smaller as ed. of the ovens illustrated in arrangement of Fig. 16, the walls l vve the consecutive regenerate! chamocated beneath the heating-partils of theirrespective ovens, so that the loads of said walls are transmitted directly to the mat through the medium of said walls 30. The construction presently to be described is also such that the loads within the carbonizing chambers are trans.- niitted the vyalls 30 in a very direct manner and "without the possibility of rupture,

or distortion of the parts except in very exteniperatrres, and subject to very little 16 base pair of heatin walls, 26 and In the construction illustrated.

ence. It is also to be observed that in .tudinal crack or opening treme cases. This done by means of in:

intermediate section or structure 3?. located between the; arbonizingchambers or retorts and the foundation or regcnerator structure. This intermediate section 31 also provides certain passages for the transfer of air and gas between the heating walls and the regenerator or foundation structure.

Itis to be observed at this point that when the temperature of the structure is raised, when the bench is brought oper ation, there will be a very considerable ex pansion in the direction of the end Walls 21 and 22, so that, under ordinary circunr stances, if said end walls were to be located a fixed distance apart, tue expansive force would'rupture the foundation structure or the end wall, or else would throw portions of the structure out of alignment. It has, therefore, been the custom when a bench of ovens was first erected to set the end walls, or at any rate the end portions of the structure a suflicient distance apart to accommodate the probable maximum amount of oveall expansion, on the theory or assumption that, as the expansion tookplace in dilierent portions of the bench, it would cumulate and finally be delivered as a total amount at the end walls, necessitating a bodily movement or the end portions of the structure towards or against said end walls. Inasmuch as structures of this lrind are necessarily built out of a large number of blocks or bricks held together by a more or less i iperfect cementing action, it follows that by the time such structure was raised to the normal operating tern ereture, it was very much out of line and ba ly broken up in some portions. In fact the bodily shifting of some portions of the structure was ordinarily sufficient to throw some of the air and gas passages entirely each other.

In the present case I out of registry with have madeprovision 'for permitting a slight amount of move dimension of the structure, so that the expansion taking lace in the ovens will. be ndependently ta en up in the various ovens,

instead of cumulatively in the end ovens.

For this purpose, I have provided a longi- 32 in the sole of each oven of sufiicient width to take up the probable full amount of expansion in said oven, and in order of coke, coal, etc. into said. opening, I have provided a false bottom' or protector 33 which is laid on the bottom or sole of the oven or retort.- and covers overthe crack I 32 tl1ereof,-While permitting the expansion be set at the exact distance apart corresponding to the initial overall to prevent the entrance to take place unhindered. I have also provided other expansion joints 3% and in the various courses of the roof portion of the structure, so that the expansion occurring therein may also be taken up locally at each oven.

It is to be observed at this point that ordinarily the intermediate section 31 will comprise a number of courses of bricks or blocks (there being six such courses in the construction shown in Fig. 16), and the expansion joints 31 are interwoven in. the different courses so as to permit the various courses to adjust themselves locally at different points adjacent to their ovens without cumulation. I will also observe at this point that where expansion joints are provided in a number of courses as shown both in the intermediate section 31 and in the roofs or domes, the expansion joints in the various courses should be so. related that gases cannot work their way through them, the expansion joints breaking joints with each other in the different courses. It is also observed in this connection that various planes of shear are thus established, each plane of shear: lying between two courses within which there are expansion joints. If.

necessary, expansion joints may be provided in. the foundation section 36, although ordinarily the rise of temperature in this portion of the structure will not be sufiiciently high to necessitate this special precaution.

I Will also state that prdinarily the only portions which are sub ect to excessiveexpansion are those which are built up from silica brick or the like, and these are the portions within which special precautions should be taken for compensating for expansion. ()rdinarily the only portions of the structure built from silica brick are the heating walls such as the walls 26 and 27 of each oven.

In a bench of ovens embodying this expansion feature, the end walls 21 and 22 will. be located a fixed distance apart, and ordinarily will be anchored against any appreciable movement, and the oven structures will be built with proper spaces or joints to accommodate the probable amount of expansion in the raising of the tem rature up to the working point, so that said joints will take upthe expansion locally and without cumulation, and said joints will ordinarily be broken or so related in different portions of the structure that leakage or wastage of gases and air will be reduced to a minimum. v

When a bench of ovens is constructed as outlined above,.it may be raised to the normal working temperature of the structurev without any appreciable distortion or disturbance in the joints and various portions of the structure, so that when it reachesthe working temperature its walls and various from notched blocks as is passages will be tight and in perfect coti ditiou for the normal operation of the structure.

I will nowexplain more in detail the particular construction of the coke ovens disclosed herein, having particular reference to the manner in which they are heated, and the manner in .which the temperature is controlled. heat conserved, and uniform heating effect produced. at this point, however, that as far as the previously explained expansion feature is concerned, the same may or may not be used in conjunction with the particular type of coke oven structure now to be explained, and conversely said expansion feature may also be used in coke oven structures of many different forms and arrangement other than the particular one now to be explained.

T he expansion feature and particular novel construction are, therefore, quite independent of each other in many res ects, although, in many cases, it will be ound to the mutual advantage of both features to incorporate them in a common structure.

Bearing all of the foregoing in mind, I will state that the particular type of heating walls herein disclosed are built up on the notched block principle disclosed and claimed in Letters Patent of the United States No. 1,132,685, issued to me March 23, 1915. I have illustrated the heating walls in the present case as being built up from such notched blocks largely as a matter of convenience in illustration and description, and while for some purposes special advantages will accrue from the use of the notched block principle in conjunction with thefeatures of the present invention. still for other purposes it is not necessary to use the notched block construction in ovens constructed accordin to the present invention, and, therefore, myself to such use except as I may do so in the claims. v Each of the heating walls is constructed clearly evident from an examination of Fig. 11, the blocks being centrally recessed so that when they are set together their recesses cooperate to produce sages on the interior portion of each heatm wall, as is clearly evident from Figs. and 7. i Figs. 6 and 7 each showapproximatel one-half the total length of t of theparticular construction illustrated.

I wish to state do not limita meshwork of interconnected pase oven wal 7 It will be observed that in the length of such the additional partition these sections being and 43,

37, 38, 39, and 40,

es in the/other. sec- 44 being located" in we use-4 to be considered in pairs, the sections 37 and 38 comprising one pair and the sections 39 anti 44) another pair. Above these pairs of passages or groups of passages are lo cated the horizontal headers or times 4-5 46. lihe horizontal partition 47 to some tent separates or isolates thefiucs or sages 45 and 46 from their passages groups of passages 37., 38, 39, and 40.

in the partition 47 is an opening or sex' of openings 48, and; an opening or some of openings -29. The opening or open estelolish communication between the sage or group of passages 37 and the c. sponding fine, and the opening or ope 49 establish communication between the passage or group of passages 38 or 45. 9 and the corresponding flue 45 or 46. It is thus evident that gases rising through one of the sections 37 or 38 will be transfterred to the flue 45 and may then pass downwardly through the passage or section 38; and it is evident that a similar action may occur as between the sections 39 and 40.

Located in the lower portion of of the sections 37, 38, 39, and lOis a series of burners 50 through which conibustion is admitted to mix with air. so that the gases rising through the corresponcling section will he in combustion and generating heat. This air for combustion rises through pas 51 adjacent to the burners, being delivererl to soicl passages from any suite ole source, but preferably from suitably located regcnerotors or other preheating arrange meuts.

in those cases in which the total amount of gas and air for combustion are intro- (lured through the burners 50 and through the passages 51. respectively. it will he evident that the hot products of combustion will rise through one section. be transferred laterally through the corresponding time 4-5 or 46. and descend through the other section of the pair. In such case the total length of t avel of the products of combustion will he mhstsntially equal to the length of two sections plus approximately onehalf the length of the corresponding flue. Sincthe sections 37, 38, 39, and 40 are sly short, there being illustrated them'in the total length of the wall,

it follows that the distance of travel of the heating gases would not be excessive. in any case, however, there would probably be on appreciable reduction of temperature by the time the ases were ready the will. I

I have; therefore, provided, on srrsn e ment whereby it to rei force c combustion alter the hes..ing gases have given up a portion their hcz so that a. much more uiililorm heating effect is produceri over all portions of the well surface. For this nut-pose, I have p ovided means for introducing an additional or sup" emantal portion oi: combustible cr the gases have traversed approximately one half the total length of their travel through the sections 37, 38 or 40., as the case may he. Ordinarily the procedure will he to introduce the full quantity through the passages 51, and only approximatcl}; one-half the *gus for combu ion through the burners 50, so that the sir is 'n excess. Consequently when the m rulucell has been fully consume-cl, there will still main approximately of "the total amount of oxygen unconihinecl in the mixture and available for "further combustion. It then provide means "for mtrorlm n I I w proximately the remaining; oil-"r for comhnstion wt the in Stllll down through the other side or tllo pair 38 or 39, 40, {LS the case may he. ml litional gas so introduced. will combine with the nncomhined oxygen, generating Midltio'nai heat units, resto ing the temperature to the desiredv 1. nt, :1 l. eusurin; as much more uniform oierall .i et... .3 effect than would otherwise he secu sail.

This additional tor combustion is; in

troduced through posssges or burners .32

best shown in Figs. 4 nncl which passages or burners communicate directly with the upper portions of the sections 87. and 16.

It will be ohmrvcrl from zu; exui'ninution. of Figs. 6 and '2' that burners such as 50, with the accompanying-air passages. zirc'locateci in the h'nver I i-i'tlOll of catch the tions, and examination of Figs. 8, 3?, and reveals the presence of the supplemental 5521s burners adjacent to the ugiper (illlFi of each of the sections. it will. be evident that, it the flow through the pair 37, 38 is upwards through. the section 37 and (lOWI'lvarcls through the section 38. the, only burners used are the burners 50 at the lower end of the section and the burners 52 at ")l the upper end of the section 38. Consequent-lgt during such operation the lower portion of the section 3? and the upper portion of the section 38 will necessarily be op-.

In order to ensure a perfectly equalized operation at all times, I have provided other burners 50 at the lower end of the section 38, and other burners 52 at the upper end of the section 37, so that, in the operation of the structure the burners may be reversed, the products of combustion rising through the section 38 and descending through the section 37. By alternating the operation from time to time, a practically uniform temperature will be secured at all portions of the structure with a remarkably even control of temperature all over the surface of a very large heating wall.

Means must be provided for delivering the gas for combustion to the burners 50 and 52, and for ensuring the operation of said burners in proper sequence. The gas ordinarily used for combustion is a portion of the dis tillation products from the ovens themselves, but under any circumstances the subjection of the gas to relatively high tem; perat-ure will ordinarily cause a portion of said gases to split with corresponding deposition of carbon, and corresponding tendency to foul thepassages. It is, therefore, desirable to provide an arrangement such that the gases will travel a minimum listance and will be raised a minimum amount in temperature, and also such that the provision of pockets or sharp bends in the passages will be to a large extent eliminated since the soot or other deposited carbon would naturally tend to cumulate in such places.

Asa very simple arrangement for delivering the gases to the burners 50, I have availed myself of the presence of the intermediate or partition walls 28. having provided for this purpose the vertical gas passages or pipes 53 whose lower ends communicate with the burners 50. Ordinarily there will be a single passage or pipe 52' for each burner 50 so as to facilitate the control of gas to said burners. In like manner, the gas for the burners 52 is delivered through other vertical pipes or passages 54 located in the partition walls or above them. All of the passages or pipes 53 and 54 extend to the top of the structure where they can be most conveniently reached, and where the connections to them may be most easily etfected and controlled. I will not at this point describe in detail said connections beyond stating that the connections are such that by a very simple operation it is possible to simultaneously deliver gas to all of the luirncrs 50 of alternate sections. and to all of the burners 51 of the intermediate sections, and by another very simple operation to reverse the delivery of gases so that those burners 50 and those burners 51 which were previously idle will be brought into operation, the burners 50 and 51 previously used being shut oil.

It will be observed that the burners 50 are provided in the nature of slits in the upper portions of short partitions or walls 55, intermediate which walls or partitions are other walls or partitions 56, The inter mediate partitions 56 are carried somewhat above the burner slits 50 so as to provide combustion ohz'imbeis' 57 for the various burners, the air passages 51. rising at the sides of the burner slits and delivering air to both sides of each of said burners. By this arrangement a very perfect mixture of air and gas will be ensured from each ot' the burners 50, and consequently a maximum heating eflic-ieney will be obtained from the very moment that the gases commence to rise through the heating sections.

It will also be observed that just beneath the partition 57 and the openings 4.8 and t9 therein are the enlarged combustion chamhers 58 into which the gases descending through the openings 48 or 49 pass and into which the additional combustion gas from the burners 52 is initially delivered. These chambers 58, therefore, serve as com-- bastion chambers to ensure a perfect mix ture and combustion of the supplementalgas with the previously unconsiuned oxygen of the mixture descending from the flue or passage 45 or 46.

Since the burner slits 50 are located in line with their respective heating walls whilst their gas passages or pipes 53 are located within the corresponding partition wall, it is necessary to effect a. transfer of gas from the passages 53 to the burner slits. The corlstruction whereby this is possible will be readily understood from an examination of Figs. 2 and 3. From ease figures, it will be observed that the bu located in specially formed his reach from their heating walls our into or beneath their partition walls on line or plane of shear, each of the blocks having a semicircular passage through it, the inner end of. which communicates with the lower end of the corresponding 53. By this arrangement the ability of the structure as a whole to adjust itself to accomm0- date the initial expansion is in no wise interfered with, and any slight readjustment lltl taking place will not interfere with the proper registery of the passages 53 with their corresponding burner slits.

It will also be observed from an exami nation particularly of Fig. 8 that, in the extreme upper portion of the structure, all of the passages or pipes 53 and 54- are lo cated centrally and in the ugper extension. of the intermediate or partition wall, whet as. as shown in iand 5, the burners are within their respective heating walls, the pipes or passages 53 continuing down ward through the partition walls to the burner 50. In order to secure this resul I in the most advantageous manner, have provided three courses blocks 60, 61. and A shown in Figs. 4 and 5, whieh 3 from the heaiing 'waiis into the iz2- ate Oi pariitian Walls an planes of I by the zssages reaeh I the i. .mei's 52 i swung around into a posi- L" they are pa alisi Wiih the ssagss' meaai'ed in a plane mnsv .z'seiy of the Walls. This makes it possible is bring the emu of aii of the pipes or passages ecc to me aaii.w

,r Iii ing ihem into the desired z-eiationship lower do :n and at he points where their burners loomed. I

38 lixaminaiion of Figs. 4. i, 6, and i' in partivuiar reveals the presence of inspection ports or openings 63 ioca ezi ahove the openings and 45). and terminating at the op of the bench of ove These inspec iion 0; h1g5 or passages he provided. m" suitable windows or ihe like ea either permanentiy closed or so constructed hat they may he opened from time to ilil i wi l also he observed an: :he's inspeo ion openings taper in size from top to iaoiiioni so that rods 01 the like introdu'oeii through :iheni may he swung so as "in move their lower ends about with respect to the openings 48 and 49. Ordinarily adjustment blanks or the like 6:": wiil he. located in the passages and 46 and adjacent to d e openinga w and 4-9,, so that, by proper manipulation thr'nugrh the inspection openngs 59,, it wiii be possible to partially waver the openiey s 48 and 4.) in order to z'eguiate the d. 1ft 01 How of inggs individually.

The features of construction so far ex piaineii vonstitu'ie own C(HISlIHCiiOHS \.i!i( il may or niaf 110i, he used in oonjunction with heat ifll'fl'lhiillgf and conserving devious sun-h as rempwators. regem-i'ai'm's. eh: inasmuch howevor as Hie use of such (ilViHS is, in most oases. (iesuahie not oniy-ii'mn the standpointof inipzovaiueni in eflir-ivm'y of operation but also from the aanlipoiut of scouring a more equal and form open ating temperature I have iu-zoiu dim-[used ihe use of such features in eonjum'tion with such heat eonserving and recovering do and. in the (iii mori'espond to the v fiery ciose together on the upperat the hanrn of ovens. winist bring:-

iions. (in the other haif of gasthi'ough thesr: opi'lh vices in the form if reganeratois, also state at whim; that the constructions herein disclosed am related to file heating wall :621: X in the sense that the iiow of air ZESKi through the. regeneratozs is (iefini hated to the r ver e h passa s.

Bearing ail f the fure oiag in mind, are provided within the fonnfia'fiis the iowerporiion I i i eg'eneratoiaha iooatcri the Ravi: f these .i oi? chambers Work or the wing Has a and heaiing is shown par there are isubdividing; the smai-i mg iez' panitio I ianhcis nto fire?" s mispendiag in posiuon and function with the heat ing waii setions 37'. 3S, =10, etc. it is thus corresponding heating Wail sew-ions of d e two heating waiis of eaca regeneraior tion (57:

7 eams whereby ing cyaio a through those spmn'ling; to iiha heaiina a I; which the air is primaiiiy :ieiive ensuring at #he same 'ime a is gas from the complementary sections to 'ihe intermediate 4 i operation is reversed, so that at he sann; time that the flow ofi air and is reversed through the heating wail? seciions,-reversa1s take place in the regenerate sections.

*iii now describe the particular constructions iihisti'ated in rthe drawings for en'baaring the foregoing results.

In thesoie of each. oven a series of U- shaped connections connecting with the lower portions of he heating passages in the two walls of the eoryesponding 11 oven. the construction illustrated thasa pas ages comprise the passages 51 of (S and 7 whose lower ends are brought tonether in the manner clearly evidenced in It is evident from each wail or },LIlIlIltOI section there are a numhmof these this being evi'cient from examination of Fig. 1 in particuiai'.

- A vonipai'ison of Figs. 2 and 3 which a" a sections taken in adjavent Wall and T9 ai'a foz' seetions, wiii show that the pas :31 For eai-h Wall section communicate directly with their respective regeneraizoxa lions. in this way the spent gases aim air are respectively exchanged between %he wall ccii'lons ily and 69 each oven is a pair of transversely sections and the regenerator sections during the different portions of the operating cycle.

Beneath the regenerator sections of each oven is a pair of transversely extending passages 68 and (59. lying side by side, so that the passage 69 appears in dotted lines in Fig. 1, whereas the passage 68 is in full lines in said figure. A pair of tunnnels 70 and 71 extend longitudinally of the bench of ovens and each of the passages 68 connects to the tunnel 7 0 by a connection 7 2, and each of the passages 69 connects to the tunnel 71 by-a connection 73. Dampers 7i and are placed in the connections 72 and 73 for the purpose of regulating the draft on said connections, so that the draft at each oven can be brought to the amount or degree desired accordin to the operation of that oven. v

Consi ering again an individual oven and its rcgenerators, the passage 68 connects into the bottom portions of the alternate regenerator sections by means of connections 76; whereas the passage 69 connects into the bottom portions of the intermediate regenerator sections by means of the connections 77 as best shown in Fig. 6.

It will now be evident that upon removing the spent gas through the tunnel 7t) and delivering air through the tunnel 71, we will be able to deliver air to each of the lefthand regenerator sections of the various pairs (viewing the structure as in Figs. 1, 6, and 7) whereas spent gas will be simultaneously withdrawn from the right-hand regenerator sections of each pair when viewing the structure in the. same manner. Therefore, upon introducing air through the tunnel 71 and gas through the burners of theleft-hand wall sections of each pair at the bottom, and at the top of each righthand wall section of eac'hpair, a correct operation will be secured, the incoming air being heated by the previously heated regenerator sections and the outgoing spent gas serving to simultaneously heat the cool regenerator sections. After the lapse of the proper time interval the operation will be reversed in the manner which will be readapparent from the disclosure thus far glven. Examination of Figs. 1, 6 and 7 in particular will show that the passages 68 per in cross section, this arrangement being adopted because the volume of gas in said passages varies according to the position throughout its length. Examination particularly of Figs. 2, 3. 4, and 5 and Fig. 15 will shown that beneath extend ing passages 78 and. 79. The passages 78 communicate with the Ushape connections 51 of the alternate all sections. and the passages 79 communici. c with the U-shape connections 51 of the .ntcrmediatc wall sections. This arrangement is facilitated lg; the construction best illustrated in Figs. 2.,

"the previously unused burners of said group.

in which it will lie-noticed that first towards one of the 3, l and 5 the connections 51 draw side and then towards the other side oven.

Above each heating wall are located our gas pipes 80, 80, 81 and 81, as is clearly evident from Figs, 1, 2, 3, 4. 6, and 7. Fig. 18 shows diagrammatically the manner in which the various'pipes are connected with respect to the various burners and with respect to each other. In this figure, the lowermost burners in each wall are shown diagrammatically by' the circles, some of which are numbered 50, and the upper burners are shown diagrammatically by other circles, some of which are numbered 52. It will be observed that the ends of the two pipes 81 and 81 are connected together by an end connection 82, the ends of the pipes 80 and 80 being connected together by an end connection 83. Consequently the delivery of gas to either of said end connections will result in supplying the gas simultaneously to both of the corresponding pipes.

It will also be observed that the pipes or passages 53 for alternate groups of lower burners 50 are connected to the pipe 81; that the pipes or passages for the intermediate groups of lower burners 50 are connccted to the'pipe 80*; that the pipes or passages 54 for alternate groups of upper burners 52 are connected to the pipe 81, and that the pipes or passages 5- for the intermediate groups of upper burners are connected to the pipe 80. The arrangement is such that when gas is delivered to the end connection 82 it finds its way through the pipes 81 and 81 to the lower burners 50 of one-half of each group and to the upper burners 52 of the upper half of the other side of each group; and so that upon shutting off the gas from the end connection 82 and delivering it to the end connection 83 the gas will be delivered to lower burners of each previously unused up cr In order, therefore, to ensure a correct delivery of gas simultaneously to all of the burners, it is only necessary to periodically reverse the dc livery to the and connections 82 and 83.

This periodical reversal is accom 'ilished in the particular arrangement illustrated by means of the valves 86 and 87 for the companion heating walls of each oven. The end connections 82 and 83 are for this purpose connected to the opposite points of their respective valves by the connections 84 and The gas connections 88 and 8'9 for the two valves 86 and 87 of heating group and to the .walls at a particular oven are supplied llO lZO

lilo

draft producing arrangement.

lution. the supply of gas will be reversed "for v and particularly the pipes 53 which reach down to the lower burners 59. Inasmuch as the walls containing these pipes will operate a't'a high temperature during the normal operation of the oven, it follows that upon introducing air through the connections the carbon will be burned out without the necessity of mechanically removing Ill." 7 1, therefore, have illustrated an air supply pipe 92 in conjunction with each of the valves 86 and 87 and opposite to the corresponding gas-supply pipe. so that when each to the control valves 86 and 87 is turned into position to supply'gas to one set of lower burners'and the correspondingset of upper burners of each group; air may be simultaneously delivered to the unused upper and lower burners, respectively. In this way the process or operation of burning out carbon may be carried on sii'nultaneously with the normal operation of the oven and without the necessity of shutting down or interrupting the oven operations.

For the purpose of being able to isolate some of the 1 gas pipes from. the control valves. I have illustratedthe valves 93 and 94 in the connections 84 and 85, respectively; and the valves 95 in the connections 88 and 89 respectively. Since it is only necessary to burn out the carbon occasionally and will ordinarily be unnecessary to burn it out at each periodical reversal of operation,'I have illustrated the valves'96 in the'air connec-. 40 trons 92,

by closing which valves it is possible to prevent the introduction of air with the successive reversals of the control valves. Occasionally when it'is desired to burnout the carbon, the valves96 may be opened, and while open the burning out process will proceed automatically With "the reversals of the control valves. A valve 97 in each of the connections ,90 provides a convenient means for cutting 01? the supply of gas to both oi? the heating walls of an oven.

Referring to Fig. 17 which shows diagrammatically the connections of the tunnels and [1, it will be observed that these tunnels lead into a common connection 98 which, in turn. passes to a stack 99, or other nccti'ons 100 and 101 lcad into tunnel con- XlflllOilS for the tunnels 70 and 71. respectively, and the dampers 102 and 103 are provided for placing the tunnels in connection either with the draft producing device or the air connections. :isdcsired. In the position shown in Fig. 17, the spent gas is being withdrawn from the tunnel 70. and'air is being introduced through the connection llll Air con and the tunnel 71. The dampers 1G2 and 103 should be reversed simultaneously with the operations of the and 87 While I have herein shown and described only asingle embodiment of the features of the-present invention, still it will be underg'as control valves 86 stood that I do not limit myself to the said embodiment except as I may do so in the claims.

I claim:

1. In a retort coke oven, the combination of a pair of heating ivalls. each of said walls comprising notched blocks suitably related toprovide on the interior of the wall a meshwork of interconnected gas passages, vertical partitions Wll'llll'l each wall dividing the passages of said wall into a series of vertically extending zones, a horizontal passage above the upper ends of the passages of each pair of'zones, the said horizontal passages being isolated from each other, openings between each said horizontal passage and both of the corresponding'zones; inspection ports in alignmentwith said openings, dampers for said openings operable through said inspection ports gas nozzles communicating with the lower portions of the passages of each zone, a regenerator corresponding to each zone, a pair of passages adjacent to the regcnerators, connections from one of said passages to alternate 'regenerators, connections from the other of said passages to the in termediate regenerators. connections from one of said channels to the alternate regeu craters,- connections from' the other of said channels to the intermediate regenerators, connections from one of said channels to the lower portions of the passages of alternate zones adjacent to the gas nozzles thereof, connections from the other of said channels to-the passages of the intermediate zones adjacent to the gas nozzles thereof, means for admitting combustible gas to the nozzles "of the alternate Zones, and means for corrcspondingly admitting air or'withdraWing spent gasv from the proper passages, substantially described.

2. A bench of retortcoke ovens comprising a pai'r oi'wertical heating Walls for each oven. a. partition Wall between the adjacent heating walls of adjoining ovens, a plurality of sets of U-shaped passages extending upwardly and across and downwardly in each heating wall, connections'for delivering gas to the lower ends of the arms of each said set. a connection for delivering gas to the upper portions of the arms of each said set. passages between the heating walls and in connnunioation with all of said connections. and means for controlling the delivery of gas through said passages.

substantially as described.

partition. wall hctwccn the adjacent heating walls 02 adjoining ovens. thore hcing scts o iii-shaped passages for hcating; gases in cacl scaling Wall, each said. set comprising a pair of vci :al arms and cross top connection, connections for delivering gas imlcpcndcntly to the upper and lowcr portions of each of said arms. and passing-cs in the partition wall c-t'irrcsponiling to mill conncctions, substantially as tlcscril l. in a retort coho oven construction, a heating; wall having: on its interior it plorality of sets of ll shapcd passages for heat ing gases each said set including a pa r oi vertical arms and a, cross. connection within the Wall, connections for delivering gas to the=free end of each arm of each set, and connections for (lslivcring gas to the arms adjacent to the cross connection, snbstan tiallv as described. 7

R A hcnch of retort colic ovcns comprising a pair of vci'ticsl heating walls for cach ovcn a partition wall between the athaccnt heating: walls of all aiming: ovens, each heating wall coingirising liloclrs laid in courses and having on ior a meshworlt o1. intcrconnct ml 3" asorics oi nozzle portion of each heating lfoclt cxtcntling through out this 'thicltn oi" the hosting Wall anti into alignmcct with a portion of tho portition Walt cacti noz mlc blocl: having an no Wtililljf "facing; ocilicc tor the delivery oi gas into tho licatii'zg wiil having sitlowisc communicating go extending to s point in aligrnmcnt with the partition wall, anal a passing. in the partition wall in comation with each noznlc, liloolt passsgm snhstsntisll as c .octl.

3 A. hench of r art coho ovens comprising a pair at VJll3l heating Walls for each oven, a partition wall hstwecn the adjacent hosting walls of adjoining ovens, cach heatwall having on it-s interior a series oi n iwarilly ext zntlin q passages, s series ct i'lfiZZlt blocks th s lower portionyof each heating "Wall, ciicli nozzle block extending; across the ihic ,7 the hosting wall to a point in alig t with tho accnt pan tition wall, anti each nozzle l locl: having on npvrar if; fa inc: tlischacgc Within th heating wall, a sidcvvisc coininimicst liloclzs in tho him wall, each nozzlc anti ing passage in conjunction with saicl orifico, said passage lcailing to a point in alignment with the adjacent partition wall, and a gas passagc in the partition wall in communion tion with each said sidcwisc extending nasssg'cs of thc nozzlc lilocts, suhstantially as tlcscrihecln *1 A hunch ot retort colic ovens including; a sci'ics of vcrtical heating walls anii adjacent partition w o? inilcpcntisnt constrnction (each la in; wall having on its i?ll{"."l0l' a scrics oiigmssagcs, series of non sic blocks in con unction with said asss cs there being ports extending between sci m1 mass oach noziilc block extending throughout the thickness of the heating: Wall and to a point in alignment with the adjacent partition wall thcl'c living 'a izisszige block having onc and terminating for the discharge of gas into the heating Wall and its othcn end in alignment with the partition wall. and passages in the partition wall in conmnmication with the passages of the nozxlc blocks. substantially as described.

8. A hcnch of retort colic ovens including a pair-0t hcatingz walls for cach oven, each hcating wall comprising notched blocks suit ahiy i'clatctl to provide a incshwork of in tcrconncctcil passages on the interior of the Wall extending in Zigmig fashion between its nppcr and. lower portions, said heating walls being independent of each other and capable of independent expansion and contraction and siljnstmcnt with respect to each other,

series of nozzle l)lO('l S in the lower porlion of each heating wall lying in horizontal alignment with each other and extend-- ing through the heating wall and into alignment with the partition wall and providing a plane of shear between the walls each nozzle block having a longitudinal {Ills pas sage, and a series of gas passagcs within tho partition wall communicating with the pasof said nozzle blocks, substantially as described.

9. In a retort coke oven a pair of heating walls cnclosing o distillation chamber hetwesn them, each heating wall having; on its interior an even number of vertically cxtcnclingz zones for heating gases, each sons boin formed of notched blocks providing a mes Work of interconnected passages for tho transfer of heating gases through said zone in it generally vertical direction, partitions between the passages of consecutive zones preventing the direct transfer of gases ootwscn the passages of such zones a series of combustion chambers at the npper aml lower ends of the passages of each sons, linrncrs for delivering gas directly to tho lovrcr combustion chambers" there lining passages for the atlmission of air at tho sides of said burners and into said comhns tion chambers, there being passages to! tho in each nozzla' delivery of combustible gas to the it per chambers of odd and even numbered cones transfer fines and the combustion chambers beneath them, there being a vertical inspection port extending upwardly above each of said ports, a dam-per block for each of said ports operable through the corresponding inspection port suitable means for corn trolling the admission of air and gas to the combustion chambers at the lower and of each zone of av pair of zones indepcndcntly of the admission of air anti gas to the com- 

